Generally speaking, in this country, we consider that children are not fully responsible for their actions. Instead, their parents are responsible for them. For example, if a child breaks a window, the parent usually pays for it. Once a person reaches a certain age, they are then considered old enough to be responsible for at least some things, eventually becoming completely responsible for themselves. It doesn't happen all at once, and it depends on the state. For example, in my home state of Washington, you can get your driver's license at 16 if you've taken a drivers' education course. Otherwise, you have to wait until you're 18. As I recall, it's the same for a motorcycle endorsement; you can get it before you're 18 provided you've taken a course. In my case, I took drivers' ed when I was 17 and got my license immediately after. A few days after my 18th birthday, I illegally rode my motorcycle to school, and afterward rode down to the location where the test was being administered. I passed the riding and written tests and legally rode the motorcycle home. I imagine if I'd been stopped by a police officer on the way down, he would have accepted my story that I was on the way to the test. I would guess that it happens often.
So now you have your driver's license, and maybe your motorcycle endorsement. You turn 18 years old and now you can smoke and vote. You can enlist in the military and bear arms for your country. But you can't drink alcohol in this state. Some states allow you to; some limit you to beverages with a maximum alcohol content until you turn 21. And, at least in Washington, you can't get your concealed pistol license until 21.
Responsibility is doled out piecemeal and there doesn't seem to be any consistent rationale for why this is so. Generally speaking, you are considered an adult at 18 and can leave the house and be considered responsible for your own finances, taxes, etc. Depending on the situation, you can do this earlier, but 18 is the age at which our society thinks you should take this step. I did a bit of searching and I came across
this post to a weblog which includes this paragraph:
The line we cross when we turn 18 is in many ways invisible. We are still in high school or college, we still are accountable to our parents, we still don't really have an independent, steady source of income. In other ways, however, it is profound. We are now responsible for everything we do, legally. We have no legal compulsion to follow any family edicts. We can move unhindered of our own volition, from state to state, or even out of the country. We can engage in taboo acts that were previously banned — smoking, pornography, gambling, fireworks. Perhaps most of all, we can be compelled to pick up a gun and defend our country, to the death if need be.
In societies and cultures of the past, and some of the present I'm sure, there was a more definite demarcation between childhood and adulthood. The age varied, and it may not have been a fixed age, in which case it was up to the person and/or some authority to determine when he or she was ready. There were ceremonies that accompanied it to mark the occasion. They've been called "coming of age," "rites of passage," and other names. In the Star Trek universe, the Klingon race has the "
Age of Ascension." The
Jewish Bar Mitzvah (for boys) and Bat Mitzvah (for girls) are examples, although they don't represent a full assumption of adult responsibilities. I remember watching a documentary some years back about a tribe, in South or Central America as I recall, which had a ceremony that consisted of climbing a tall tower and jumping off with a vine tied around your ankles. The idea was that the vine would stretch and snap as you reached the ground, slowing you down enough before it broke that you didn't get hurt. This was shortly before the sport of bungee jumping came onto the scene and I wouldn't be surprised if it was the inspiration.
In our society, it seems that the most common ceremony that accompanies the transition to full adulthood is the first trip to a bar or other place to drink the first legal alcoholic beverage. That's what I did on my 21st birthday and, to be honest, it wasn't all it was cracked up to be. For men, the only ceremony of sorts that is nationally recognized is registering with selective service at 18. (Whether or not women should be required to register as well is a topic for another post.) But that's just filling out and signing a form; there is no attendant celebration (assuming that it's something that anyone would actually want to celebrate).
Perhaps we should institute some sort of formal ceremony to mark the passage to full adult responsibilities. It seems to me like a good idea. The trick would be determining how, if at all, it would fit into the legal framework. Would it vary from state to state or would it be national? And would it make a difference? The whole point of this is that there are a lot of people out there that are considered adults that don't really take responsibility for themselves. People that still live with their parents at the age of 30 or more. The question is whether a formal recognition of adulthood, along with a formal and complete transferring of responsibility would make a difference. I can't answer that, but it's certainly something to think about.